- According to accident statistics discussed in the Human Factors lesson, approximately what percentage of aviation accidents are primarily caused by pilot error?
A. 25%
B. 40%
C. 65%
D. 90%
- The Swiss Cheese Model of accident causation suggests that accidents usually occur because:
A. A single catastrophic mechanical failure occurs
B. A pilot makes one critical mistake
C. Multiple layers of defense fail simultaneously
D. Regulations are insufficiently strict
- Which of the following best describes latent failures in the Swiss Cheese Model?
A. Errors made by pilots during an emergency
B. Mechanical failures that occur suddenly
C. Hidden system weaknesses that may exist for long periods
D. Weather phenomena that cannot be predicted
- Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is particularly dangerous in aviation because it:
A. Has a strong odor that distracts pilots
B. Causes immediate loss of consciousness
C. Is colorless and odorless
D. Only occurs at high altitudes
- Which pilot action is the best immediate response to suspected carbon monoxide poisoning?
A. Increase engine power
B. Descend and ventilate the cabin
C. Turn off avionics
D. Lean the mixture aggressively
- The term “178 Seconds to Live” refers to:
A. The time required for hypoxia to become fatal
B. Average survival time after engine failure
C. How long non-instrument pilots can maintain control in IMC
D. FAA-required reaction time during emergencies
- Which sensory system is most responsible for causing spatial disorientation illusions?
A. Visual system
B. Vestibular system (inner ear)
C. Muscular proprioception
D. Auditory system
- The graveyard spiral typically occurs when a pilot:
A. Overcorrects pitch during turbulence
B. Trusts body sensations instead of instruments
C. Applies excessive rudder during turns
D. Flies too slowly during descent
- Which of the following matches the hazardous attitude “Invulnerability” with its correct antidote?
A. “Don’t tell me” → Follow the rules
B. “Do it quickly” → Think first
C. “It won’t happen to me” → It could happen to me
D. “I can do it” → Take more risks
- The primary purpose of the NASA Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) is to:
A. Punish pilots who violate regulations
B. Replace NTSB accident investigations
C. Collect confidential safety reports to prevent future accidents
D. Certify new aircraft systems
- Hypoxia is best defined as:
A. Excess carbon dioxide in the blood due to shallow breathing
B. Insufficient oxygen is available to the body
C. Poisoning caused by exhaust fumes in the cabin
D. A visual illusion caused by runway slope
- A common early symptom of hypoxia that makes it especially dangerous is:
A. Severe chest pain
B. Euphoria and impaired judgment
C. Sudden paralysis of limbs
D. Immediate loss of hearing
- Hyperventilation in flight most directly results from:
A. Breathing too slowly, causing oxygen deficiency
B. Breathing too much/too deeply, lowering carbon dioxide levels
C. Cabin pressure is increasing rapidly
D. A blocked pitot tube causing instrument errors
- The somatogravic illusion is most likely to occur during:
A. Rapid acceleration on takeoff, causing a false sensation of excessive nose-up attitude
B. Slow flight near stall speed, causing a false sensation of turning
C. Night approaches, causing false horizon illusions
D. A sudden descent, causing a false sensation of climbing
- Which statement best distinguishes NTSB and ASRS?
A. NTSB collects anonymous “near-miss” reports, and ASRS determines the probable cause of accidents
B. NTSB investigates accidents/incidents, ASRS collects confidential voluntary safety reports
C. Both systems are primarily used to issue pilot certificates
D. ASRS replaces NTSB when a crash occurs