Japan

Tokugawa Shogunate

Established by Tokugawa leyasu in 1603
A feudal system with tendencies.

Centralized policies

Samurai became bureaucrats
Daimyos were required to keep families

Far more isolationists than China
Homogenes always
Slightly and causally
1635 Seclusion law
Stern Harsh

France

Absolutism
Monarchs grew much more powerful after the French victory in the Hundred Years’ War.

Holy Roman Empire

Not holy, not Roman, and not an empire
vs. the Ottomans
Originally composed of French Burgundy,
Empire of Charles V
The head of the Habsburg family
King of the HRE and the Austria
Inbreeding