Assabiyah & Meta-Ethnic Frontiers

Assabiyah: Arabic, “Social cohesion”

  • Required trust
  • Familiarity
  • Shared value / way of thinking

Common struggle & common enemy

Pastoral Nomads vs “Civilization”

No agriculture or urbanization

Different way of thinking and value

China’s enemies before WW2 is central Asia

Meta-Ethnic Frontiers

Not just a boarder but a entirely different of life within society
Cross the frontiers builds up the Assabiyah
Not for today but common in history

Greek? - Low
Roman - high

Mogolian

Temujin (Genghis Khan) (Temüjin)
Leadership
Based on loyalty, Willing to do anything for the society, High level of trust
High organization
Luck (Maybe)

Strategies

Conquered people incorporated into the army
Take one city, kill everybody (Strategy)
Support traders
Culture tolerence (if no threat)

Kubilai & Yuan

Hulegu
Military Power have short-term benefits

Importance

Trade (disease spread as well)
cross cultural exchange & tech exchange