1750 to 1900 second round of colonial conquest
Asia, Africa, Oceania
Germany, Italy, Belgium, United States, Japan, Spain, Portugal
Industrial-era gap, repeating rifles, machine guns, firepower advantage
Climate stress, famine
Preferred informal control, economic penetration, occasional military intervention
Formal colonial rule when rivalry blocks influence/locals dont cooperate
Asia
British East India Company leads India takeover, Mughal fragmentation helps
Alliances over 1750 to 1850, slow evolution
Dutch gain Indonesia through rival states
Africa
Berlin Conference 1884to1885
Violent wars of conquest, resistance
By 1914 only Liberia/Ethiopia free
Oceania
Exploration, missionaries, commodities, to annexations
Settler colonies in Australia, New Zealand, disease killed locals
Hawaii population decline