Part (a)
According to source 1, more resources available lead to more burnout, while fewer cognitive demands lead to more burnout as well. Therefore, schools can reduce burnout in students by reducing resources, enhancing teacher support, and providing students with more social support in their learning. In addition, according to source 2, victimized feelings lead to more burnout, while less connectedness leads to more burnout. So, schools can enhance communications between teachers and students. Also, they can enhance the punishments of negative behaviors at the same time.
Part (b)
(i)
According to Source 1, there are significant negative correlations between teacher support and burnout categories, including a correlation of -0.33 with feelings of inadequacy, -0.27 with exhaustion, and -0.41 with cynicism. Similarly, autonomy is negatively correlated with burnout, with coefficients of -0.35 for inadequacy, -0.29 for exhaustion, and -0.39 for cynicism. These findings indicate that higher levels of teacher support and autonomy are associated with lower levels of burnout among students.
(ii)
Based on Maslow’s Hierarchy Theory. Teacher support meets social needs, while autonomy is associated with the need for security and the higher level need for self-actualization. If these needs are not met, such as a lack of support or autonomy, people may feel cynical and exhausted, which in turn increases the risk of burnout.
C
Part (c)
(i)
Source 2 reports that school connectedness is negatively correlated with school burnout across multiple time points in a longitudinal study. For example, among high school students, school connectedness at Time 1 is correlated with burnout at Time 1 (-0.31), Time 2 (-0.25), and Time 3 (-0.22). This suggests that a stronger sense of belonging to the school community is consistently associated with lower levels of burnout over time.
(ii)
Belongingness is one of the basic human needs. If a person feels accepted and belongs, he will be more motivated to do more advanced things, such as pursuing personal goals. Belonging and motivation are linked together; people who feel a sense of belonging are more motivated to do things.