A.
Source 1 claimed that there was no significant difference in factual recall between laptop and handwritten notes.
Source 2 replicated Source 1’s finding.
B.
i)
Researchers found that notes taken using a laptop had a 14.6% verbatim overlap with the lecture, while notes taken by hand averaged an 8.8% verbatim overlap.
ii)
Handwritten notes may improve recall of conceptual-application material due to the deeper cognitive engagement. But laptop notes often result in more verbatim transcription, which may limit critical thinking and conceptual understanding
C.
i)
There was no significant difference in the conceptual-application scores on the quiz across handwritten, laptop, and tablet note-taking. The median word count of notes taken was 121.0 for handwriting, 297.0 for laptops, and 131.5 for tablets, and the difference among these groups was statistically significant.
ii)
Handwritten notes may promote better understanding and application of information, the quality of the notes and the type of material being recalled all play a role in memory recall.
A.
Longitudinal study
B.
The ability to correctly identify whether items in a second set were the same as or different from items in an original set
C.
Participants in the multivitamin group (Group 1) showed a greater improvement in their memory recall over the first year compared to the placebo group (Group 2)
D.
Informed consent
E.
No, the average age is about 70.
F.
The study’s findings support the hypothesis of immediate memory recall.