混合积

混合积是指三个向量 的数量积。它通常用来计算三个向量所定义的平行六面体的体积。混合积的定义如下:

其中, 表示 的叉积(向量积),结果是一个向量;然后这个向量再与向量 做点积(数量积),结果是一个标量。
可以用行列式来表达混合积:

其中,

几何解释

混合积的绝对值等于由向量 构成的平行六面体的体积

性质

  1. 交换性:
  2. 线性性:
    • 混合积对每个向量都是线性的,例如:

  3. 平行向量:
    • 如果 中有任意两个向量是平行的,那么混合积为零:

示例

data:
  # 基向量边
  - type: scatter3d
    mode: lines
    x: [0, 3]
    y: [0, 0]
    z: [0, 0]
    line: {width: 6, color: 'red'}   
  - type: scatter3d
    mode: lines
    x: [0, 1]
    y: [0, 2]
    z: [0, 0]
    line: {width: 6, color: 'red'}
  - type: scatter3d
    mode: lines
    x: [0, 1]
    y: [0, 0]
    z: [0, 2]
    line: {width: 6, color: 'red'}
  # 从a出发的边
  - type: scatter3d
    mode: lines
    x: [3, 4]
    y: [0, 2]
    z: [0, 0]
    line: {width: 6, color: 'black'}
  - type: scatter3d
    mode: lines
    x: [3, 4]
    y: [0, 0]
    z: [0, 2]
    line: {width: 6, color: 'black'}
  # 从b出发的边
  - type: scatter3d
    mode: lines
    x: [1, 4]
    y: [2, 2]
    z: [0, 0]
    line: {width: 6, color: 'black'}
  - type: scatter3d
    mode: lines
    x: [1, 2]
    y: [2, 2]
    z: [0, 2]
    line: {width: 6, color: 'black'}
  # 从c出发的边
  - type: scatter3d
    mode: lines
    x: [1, 4]
    y: [0, 0]
    z: [2, 2]
    line: {width: 6, color: 'black'}
  - type: scatter3d
    mode: lines
    x: [1, 2]
    y: [0, 2]
    z: [2, 2]
    line: {width: 6, color: 'black'}
  # 其他边
  - type: scatter3d
    mode: lines
    x: [2, 5]
    y: [2, 2]
    z: [2, 2]
    line: {width: 6, color: 'black'}
  - type: scatter3d
    mode: lines
    x: [4, 5]
    y: [2, 2]
    z: [0, 2]
    line: {width: 6, color: 'black'}
  - type: scatter3d
    mode: lines
    x: [4, 5]
    y: [0, 2]
    z: [2, 2]
    line: {width: 6, color: 'black'}
  - type: scatter3d
    mode: lines
    x: [5, 4]
    y: [2, 2]
    z: [2, 0]
    line: {width: 6, color: 'black'}
  - type: scatter3d
    mode: lines
    x: [5, 4]
    y: [2, 0]
    z: [2, 2]
    line: {width: 6, color: 'black'}
layout:
  scene:
    xaxis: {title: X, dtick: 1}
    yaxis: {title: Y, dtick: 1}
    zaxis: {title: Z, dtick: 1}
    aspectmode: cube